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with a 1.4 GHz dual core A6X processor, and 1 GB of RAM, making the tablet as

least as powerful as the PowerBook G4 (Shimpi, 2012). If it was possible to

create a CFF VE training simulation that runs on the PowerBook G4, then it is

certainly possible to create one that will run on the current generation of tablet

computers. Therefore, we conclude that the cognitive component of the CFF VE

can continue to be replicated on modern tablet computers while maintaining the

same level of training efficacy.

The psychomotor and sensory perceptual skills required to conduct CFF,

as identified by McDonough and Strom, are listed in Table 2.

Sensory / perceptual

Near vision

Hearing sensitivity

Far vision

Auditory attention

Night vision

Sound localization

Depth perception

Speech recognition

Glare sensitivity

Speech clarity

Psychomotor

Control precision

Arm / hand steadiness

Reaction time

Table 2. Psychomotor and sensory perceptual abilities needed to perform CFF

tasks (After McDonough & Strom, 2005)

Sensory / perceptual abilities are particularly difficult to replicate in a VE.

For instance, we can simulate a night environment on a display, but unless the

simulator is blacked out, it does not exercise true night vision. The illusion of

distant objects can be easily simulated in a VE using 3D rendering techniques;

however this simulation of a distant object does not actually require the use of a

human’s far vision ability. Other sensory / perceptual abilities that present unique

challenges to a VE simulation include hearing sensitivity, sound localization,

speech recognition, and speech clarity. The aforementioned abilities can be

effectively recreated in a VE with special equipment and simulator configuration.

However, our research is limited to desktop / laptop and tablet devices and the

simulation of most sensory / perceptual abilities is outside the capabilities of the

hardware.

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