
facilities, information technology services and contractor support (Headquarters
Department of the Army, 1991). It is unknown if any of these systems are
presently in use.
Figure 2. Photo of students using TSFO to practice CFF procedures (From
United States Army Field Artillery School, 1989)
4. MiniTSFO, ca. 1985
MiniTSFO was a DOS-based PC simulation developed by Captain Bill
Erwin as a research project that was then incorporated at West Point for cadet
artillery fires training. The software is one of the earliest documented attempts to
provide computer based CFF training (United States Army Field Artillery School,
1989).
5. Indoor Simulated Marksmanship Trainer-Enhanced, ca. 1998
ISMT-E is a marksmanship training simulation. It is normally installed in a
permanent facility; using video projection the environment is displayed for the
trainees to practice CFF procedures. It requires a trained operator and an
instructor versed in CFF (if the operator is not). The ISMT uses actual equipment
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